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CLINICAL TRIALS |
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Protective activity of picroliv on hepatic amoebiasis associated with carbon tetrachloride toxicity.
Singh M, Tiwari V, Jain A, Ghoshal S
Indian J Med Res. 2005 May; 121(5):676-82
Division of Microbiology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Picroliv, isolated from the root and rhizome of Picrorhiza kurroa, is known to have significant hepatoprotective activity. Its effects against Entamoeba histolytica induced liver damage are not studied. This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective action of picroliv against the hepatotoxic changes induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) and E. histolytica infection in three animal models.
METHODS: Mastomys, gerbils and albino Druckray rats were used in this study. A total of 30 animals were used for each model and divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I consisted of normal animals. The rest received six doses of CCl (4) intraperitoneally. Group II served as hepatotoxic control. The remaining animals were infected intraperitoneally with E. histolytica trophozoites, of which group III was the hepatotoxic plus amoeba infected control. The remaining animals were divided into two groups, one received hepatoprotective agent picroliv and the other silymarin. All animals were sacrificed seven days post amoeba infection.
RESULTS: Increase in the enzyme levels induced by CCl (4) was further elevated after E. histolytica infection. Pinpoint abscesses were found to develop only in gerbils after E. histolytica infection. Picroliv was found to possess hepatoprotective activity against amoebic liver abscess.
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Significant recovery obtained in serum enzyme levels in all animal models and against amoebic liver abscess in gerbils on treatment with picroliv indicated that picroliv possesses therapeutic activity against E. histolytica induced hepatic damage.
- Picroliv affords protection against thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in rats.
Dwivedi Y, Rastogi R, Sharma SK, Garg NK, Dhawan BN
Planta Med. 1991 Feb; 57(1):25-8.
ICMR Centre for Advanced Pharmacological Research on Traditional Remedies, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
BACKGROUND: Thioacetamide (100 mg/kg), when administered to normal rats, caused a significant increase in the activities of 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a decrease in the activities of glucose 6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase enzymes in the liver. DNA, RNA, and proteins were increased while the cytochrome P450 in the microsomal fraction and the glycogen content in the liver were decreased significantly. Elevations in the activities of GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin content in serum were also observed. Picroliv, a standardised glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa, in doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg prevented most of the biochemical changes induced by thioacetamide in liver and serum.
The hepatoprotective activity of Picroliv was comparable with that of silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum.
- Hepatocurative effect of picroliv and silymarin against aflatoxin B1 induced hepatotoxicity in rates.
Rastogi, R., et.al.
Planta Medica, 66(8), 709-713, 2000
BACKGROUND: Single doses of aflatoxin B1 (2 mg/kg, i. p.) caused significant increases in the activities of zetaglutmyl transpeptidase, 5’-nucleotidase, acid phsophatase and acid ribonuclease, and decreases in the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase in liver, after 8 weeks. The level of lipid peroxides, DNA, RNA and cholesterol increased while glycogen decreased. It also increased the serum level of transaminases, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glycogen decreased. It also increased the serum level of transaminases, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phoshate, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Oral administration 6 weeks after aflatoxin B1 toxication, significantly prevented the biochemical changes induced in liver and serum of aflatoxin B1 treated rats. The hepatocurative effect of picroliv and silymarin, a plant based standard hepatoprotective are comparable.
- Effect of picroliv on low density lipoprotein receptor binding of rat hepatocytes in hepatic damage induced by paracetamol.
Singh V, Visen PK, Patnaik GK, Kapoor NK, Dhawan BN.
Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1992 Oct;29(5):428-32.
ICMR Centre for Advanced Pharmacological Research on Traditional Remedies, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.
BACKGROUND: Picroliv from root and rhizome of Picrorhiza kurroa showed reversal of low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding to paracetamol-induced damaged hepatocytes of rats. Changes in levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, conjugated dienes and lipids of hepatocytes were significantly prevented by picroliv at different doses. The effect of picroliv on enzyme levels, LDL receptor binding and lipids in damaged hepatocytes was found to be comparable to silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent.
PMID: 1289234 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Hepatoprotective activity of kutkin – the iridoid glycoside mixture of Picrorhiza kurroa
Ansari, R.A., et. al.
Indian J. Med. Res., 87 401-404, 1988.
BACKGROUND:The alcoholic extract of the root and rhizome of P. kurroa exhibited hepatoprotective activity in rat and mastomys. The active principle was identified as kutkin and the kutkin free fractions of the extract were found to be devoid of any activity. Kutkin showed significant hepatoprotective activity in hepatic damage induced by galactosamine in rats Plasmodium berquei in mastomys.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of picroliv (from Picrorhiza kurroa) in Mastomys natalensis infected with Plasmodium berghei.
Ramesh Chander, et. al.
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 92B (Feb), 34-37, 1990
BACKGROUND: Administration of picroliv a standardized fraction of alcoholic extract of P.kurroa (3-12) mg/kg/day for two weeks) simultaneously with P. berghei infection showed significant protection against hepatic damage in Mastomys natalensis. The increased levels of serum GOT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, lipoprotein-X (LP-X) and bilirubin in the infected animals were markedly reduced by different doses of picroliv. In the liver, picroliv decreased the levels of lipid peroxides and hydroperosices and facilitated the recovery of superoxide dismtase and glycogen. Picroliv had no effect on the degree of parasitaemia.
- Choleretic effect of picroliv, the hepatoprotective principle of Picrorhiza kurroa.
Shukla B, Visen PK, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN.
ICMR Centre for Advanced Pharmacological Research on Selected Traditional Remedies, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
Planta Med. 1991 Feb;57(1):29-33.
BACKGROUND: Picroliv, the hepatoprotective principle of the plant Picrorhiza kurroa, showed a dose-dependent (1.5-12 mg/kg x 7) choleretic effect in conscious rats and anaesthetised guinea pigs. It also possessed a marked anticholestatic effect against paracetamol- and ethynylestradiol-induced cholestasis. It antagonised the changes in bile volume as well as the contents (bile salts and bile acids). Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent, was tested simultaneously for comparison. Picroliv was found to be a more potent choleretic and anticholestatic agent than silymarin.
PMID: 2062954 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Andrographolide protects rat hepatocytes against paracetamol-induced damage.
Visen PK, Shukla B, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN.
J Ethnopharmacol. 1993 Oct;40(2):131-6.
ICMR Centre for Advanced Pharmacological Research on Traditional Remedies, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
BACKGROUND: Andrographolide, the active constituent isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata, showed a significant dose dependent (0.75-12 mg/kg p.o. x 7) protective activity against paracetamol-induced toxicity on ex vivo preparation of isolated rat hepatocytes. It significantly increased the percent viability of the hepatocytes as tested by trypan blue exclusion and oxygen uptake tests. It completely antagonized the toxic effects of paracetamol on certain enzymes (GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase) in serum as well as in isolated hepatic cells. Andrographolide was found to be more potent than silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective agent.
PMID: 8133653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Effect of dried fruits of Solanum nigrum LINN against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Nov;26(11):1618-9.
Raju K, Anbuganapathi G, Gokulakrishnan V, Rajkapoor B, Jayakar B, Manian S.
PG & Research Department of Botany, Kandaswami Kandar's College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India. raju_herbal@yahoo.com
BACKGROUND: Ethanol extract of Solanum nigrum LINN was investigated for its hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats. The ethanol extract showed remarkable hepatoprotective activity. The activity was evaluated using biochemical parameters such as serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. The histopathological changes of liver sample in treated animals were compared with respect to control.
PMID: 14600413 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Antihepatotoxic principles of Phyllanthus niruri herbs
Syamasundar KV, Singh B, Thakur RS, Husain A, Kiso Y, Hikino H.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 1985 Sep;14(1):41-4.
BACKGROUND: Among phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, triacontanal and tricontanol isolated from a hexane extract of Phyllanthus niruri, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin protected cordifolia, (Guduchi/Amrita), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegha), Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki), Phyllantnus niruri (Bhoomyamalaki)against carbon tetrachloride- and galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes, while triacontanal was protective only against galactosamine-induced toxicity.
PMID: 4087921 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Indian J Exp Biol. 2001 Dec;39(12):1308-10.
An experimental study of some indigenous drugs with special reference to hydraulic permeability
Upadhyay L, Mehrotra A, Srivastava AK, Rai NP, Tripathi K.
Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
The effect of commonly used indigenous drugs for hepatic disorders i.e. Tinospora and Berberis aristata (Daruharidra) was tested on the hydraulic permeability of water in the presence of bile salt through a transport cell model. The data on hydraulic permeability were calculated as t (time). JV = Lp x AP, where Lp = hydraulic conductivity and AP is the pressure difference. It was observed that the value of controlled hydraulic permeability (0.49 x 10(-8) M3 S(-1) N(-1)) decreased in the presence of indigenous drugs and bile salt. The results suggest that these drugs might have the cell membrane stabilizing property which may lead to prevention of the toxic effect of bile salts in various hepatic disorders.
PMID: 12018531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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In vivo hepatoprotective activity of active fraction from ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba leaves.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2001 Oct;45(4):435-41.
Singh B, Saxena AK, Chandan BK, Agarwal SG, Anand KK.
Division of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu Tawi-180 001
BACKGROUND: The alcoholic extract of fresh leaves of the plant Eclipta alba (Ea), previously reported for is hepatoprotective activity was fractionated into three parts to chemically identify the most potent bioactive fraction. The hepatoprotective potential of the fraction prepared from extract was studied in vivo in rats and mice against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective activity was determined on the basis of their effects on parameters like hexobarbitone sleep time, zoxazolamine paralysis time, bromosulphaline clearance, serum transaminases and serum bilirubin. Fraction EaII (10-80 mg/kg, p.o.) containing coumestan wedelolactone and desmethylwedelolactone as major components with apigenin, luteolin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocateuic acid as minor constituents exhibited maximum hepatoprotective activity and is the active fraction for hepatoprotective activity of Eclipta alba leave. The acute toxicity studies have shown that like Ea, Fraction EaII also high safety margin.
PMID: 11883149 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
- Hepatoprotective effects of Eclipta alba on subcellular levels in rats.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 1993 Dec; 40(3):155-61
Saxena AK, Singh B, Anand KK.
Department of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Tawi, India
BACKGROUND: The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanol/water (1:1) extract of Eclipta alba (Ea) has been studied at subcellular levels in rats against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Ea significantly counteracted CCl4-induced inhibition of the hepatic microsomal drug metabolising enzyme amidopyrine N-demethylase and membrane bound glucose 6-phosphatase, but failed to reverse the very high degree of inhibition of another drug metabolising enzyme aniline hydroxylase. The loss of hepatic lysosomal acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase by CCl4 was significantly restored by Ea. Its effect on mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and adenosine 5'-triphosphatase was not significant. The study shows that hepatoprotective activity of Ea is by regulating the levels of hepatic microsomal drug metabolising enzymes.
PMID: 8145570 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of Tinospora cordifolia in CCl4 intoxicated mature albino rats.
Bishayi B, Roychowdhury S, Ghosh S, Sengupta M.
J Toxicol Sci. 2002 Aug; 27(3):139-46.
Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Calcutta-700 009, India.
BACKGROUND: Effect of Tinospora cordifolia extract on modulation of hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory functions in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated mature rats is reported here. Administration of CCl4 (0.7 ml/kg body weight for 7 days) produces damage in the liver as evident by estimation of enzymes such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as serum bilirubin level. CCl4 administration also causes immunosuppressive effects as indicated by phagocytic capacity, chemotactic migration and cell adhesiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages. However, treatment with T. cordifolia extract (100 mg/kg body weight for 15 days) in CCl4 intoxicated rats was found to protect the liver, as indicated by enzyme level in serum. A significant reduction in serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin were observed following T. cordifolia treatment during CCl4 intoxication. Treatment with T. cordifolia extract also deleted the immunosuppressive effect of CCl4, since a significant increment in the functional capacities of rat peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) was observed following T. cordifolia treatment. The results of our experiment suggest that treatment by T. cordifolia extract may be the critical remedy for the adverse effect of CCl4 in liver function as well as immune functions.
PMID: 12238138 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Boerhaavia diffusa: a study of its hepatoprotective activity.
Chandan BK, Sharma AK, Anand KK.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991 Mar; 31(3):299-307.
Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jammu Tawi, India
BACKGROUND: An alcoholic extract of whole plant Boerhaavia diffusa given orally exhibited hepatoprotective activity against experimentally induced carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats and mice. The extract also produced an increase in normal bile flow in rats suggesting a strong choleretic activity. The extract does not show any signs of toxicity up to an oral dose of 2 g/kg in mice.
PMID: 2056758 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Evaluation of the liver protective potential of piperine, an active principle of black and long peppers.
Koul IB, Kapil A.
Planta Med. 1993 Oct; 59(5):413-7.
Department of Pharmacology, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu, India.
BACKGROUND: Piperine, an active alkaloidal constituent of the extract obtained from Piper longum and Piper nigrum, was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic potential in order to validate its use in traditional therapeutic formulations. This plant principle exerted a significant protection against tert-butyl hydroperoxide and carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by reducing both in vitro and in vivo lipid peroxidation, enzymatic leakage of GPT and AP, and by preventing the depletion of GSH and total thiols in the intoxicated mice. Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug was tested simultaneously for comparison. Piperine showed a lower hepatoprotective potency than silymarin.
PMID: 8255933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Modulatory influence of Andrographis paniculata on mouse hepatic and extrahepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant status.
Singh RP, Banerjee S, Rao AR.
Phytother Res. 2001 Aug;15(5):382-90.
Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
BACKGRPUND: The effects of two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body wt/day for 14 days) of an 80% hydroalcohol extract of Andrographis paniculata and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were examined on drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Swiss albino mice (6-8 weeks old). The effect of the extract and BHA were also examined on lung, kidney and forestomach for the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. A significant increase in the levels of acid soluble sulphydryl (-SH) content, cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 reductase, cytochrome b5 reductase, GST, DTD and SOD were observed at both dose levels of extract treatment while catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (GR) showed significant increases only at the higher dose in the liver. Both Andrographis treated groups showed a significant decrease in activity of LDH and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. BHA treated mice showed a significant increase in the levels of cytochrome b(5), GST, DTD, -SH content, GR and catalase in liver; while LDH and MDA levels were reduced significantly compared with their control values. In the lung, SOD, catalase and DTD, in the kidney catalase, DTD and GST, and in the forestomach SOD and DTD showed a significant increase at both dose levels of treatment. In BHA treated mice GST, DTD and catalase were significantly induced in the lung and along with these enzymes SOD was also induced in the kidney. In the case of the forestomach of BHA treated mice GST, DTD and SOD were enhanced significantly. These findings indicate the chemopreventive potential of Andrographis paniculata against chemotoxicity including carcinogenicity. |
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Modulation of immunosuppression in obstructive jaundice by Tinospora cordifolia
Indian J Med Res. 1989 Dec;90:478-83.
Rege NN, Nazareth HM, Bapat RD, Dahanukar SA.
BACKGROUND: A clinical study was undertaken to determine the immune status of patients with obstructive jaundice. Screening of 16 patients for phagocytic and microbicidal activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) revealed a significant depression (21.2 +/- 3.7% phagocytosis and 20.85 +/- 4.5% intracellular killing) of these functions, as compared to normal values (30.37 +/- 5.1% and 26.41 +/- 4.3% respectively). An animal model of cholestasis was also established, using rats, in which a significant depression of activity of PMN and peritoneal macrophages was observed. These cellular abnormalities were found to precede and predispose to infection. The rats also showed an increased susceptibility to Escherichia coli infection (mortality rate 77.78%). A defect was detected in their serum responsible for depressing the function of phagocytic cells. An attempt was made to improve this immunosuppression by treating the rats with water extract of T. cordifolia 100 mg/kg for 7 days, following development of cholestasis. The extract improved the cellular immune functions. Mortality rate following Esch. coli infection was significantly reduced to 16.67 per cent. This study showed that cholestasis results in immunosuppression and therefore indicates the need for an immunomodulator in management of obstructive jaundice. The plant T. cordifolia seems to meet this need by consolidating host defence mechanism.
PMID: 2697692 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Hepatoprotective activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. roots- a popular Indian ethanomedicine.
Rawat, A.K.S., et.al.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 56(1), 61-66, 1997
BACKGROUND: The roots of Boerhaavia diffusa, commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ are used by a large number of tribes in Indian for the treatment of various hepatic disorders. In the present study the effect of seasons, thickness of roots and form of dose (either aqueous or powder) were studied for their hepatoprotective action to prove the claims made by the different tribes of India. The hepatoprotective activity of roots of different diameters collected in three seasons, rainy, summer and winter, was examined in thioacetamide intoxicated rats. The results showed that an aqueous extract (2ml/kg) of roots of diameter 1-3 cm, collected in the month of May (Summer), exhibited marked protection of a majority of serum parameters, suggesting the proper size and time of collection of Boerhaavia diffusa roots for the most desirable results. Further, it was proved that the aqueous form of drug (2 ml/kg) administration has more hepatoprotective activity than the powder form probably due to the better absorbtion of the liquid form through the intestinal tract. |
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A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part 1.
Luper S.
Altern Med Rev. 1998 Dec;3(6):410-21.
Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine: 2140 East Broadway Rd. Tempe, AZ 85282, USA. lupers@cwix.com
BACKGROUND: Botanicals have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease. Basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants afford their therapeutic effects. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis via its antioxidative, anti-lipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and liver regenerating effects. Picrorhiza kurroa, though less well researched than Silybum, appears to have similar applications and mechanisms of action. When compared with Silybum, the hepatoprotective effect of Picrorhiza was found to be similar, or in many cases, superior to the effect of Silybum.
PMID: 9855566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Patent: 2005-02-1063 A herbal hepatoprotective and weight gain promoter and a process thereof, WO (World Intellectual Property Organisation), 03030635, 2003. (Eng).
The present invention relating to herbal hepatoprotective and weight gain promoter which comprises the synergistic mixture of whole plant of Andrographis paniculata, Solanum nigrum, Phyllanthus amarus and Boerhaavia diffusa. The composition is particularly useful as hepatopreotective and weight gain promoter. |
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Altern Med Rev. 1998 Dec;3(6):410-21.
A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part 1.
Luper S.
Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine: 2140 East Broadway Rd. Tempe, AZ 85282, USA. lupers@cwix.com
BACKGROUND: Botanicals have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease. Basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants afford their therapeutic effects. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis via its antioxidative, anti-lipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and liver regenerating effects. Picrorhiza kurroa, though less well researched than Silybum, appears to have similar applications and mechanisms of action. When compared with Silybum, the hepatoprotective effect of Picrorhiza was found to be similar, or in many cases, superior to the effect of Silybum.
PMID: 9855566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Immunotherapy with Tinospora cordifolia: a new lead in the management of obstructive jaundice.
Rege N, Bapat RD, Koti R, Desai NK, Dahanukar S.
Indian J Gastroenterol. 1993 Jan;12(1):5-8.
Department of Pharmacology, Seth G S Medical College, Bombay.
OBJECTIVE: Immunosuppression associated with deranged hepatic function and sepsis results in poor surgical outcome in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. The effect of an ayurvedic agent, Tinospora cordifolia (TC), which has been shown to have hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties in experimental studies, on surgical outcome in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice was evaluated.
METHODS: Thirty patients were randomly divided into two groups, matched with respect to clinical features, impairment of hepatic function (as judged by liver function tests including antipyrine elimination) and immunosuppression (phagocytic and killing capacities of neutrophils). Group I received conventional management, ie vitamin K, antibiotics and biliary drainage; Group II received Tinospora cordifolia (16 mg/kg/day orally) in addition, during the period of biliary drainage.
RESULTS: Hepatic function remained comparable in the two groups after drainage. However, the phagocytic and killing capacities of neutrophils normalized only in patients receiving Tinospora cordifolia (28.2 +/- 5.5% and 29.47 +/- 6.5% respectively). Post-drainage bactobilia was observed in 8 patients in Group I and 7 in Group II, but clinical evidence of septicemia was observed in 50% of patients in Group I as against none in Group II (p < 0.05). Post-operative survival in Groups I and II was 40% and 92.4% respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Tinospora cordifolia appears to improve surgical outcome by strengthening host defenses.
PMID: 8330924 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Cadmium accumulation and its influence on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative system in an aquatic plant, Bacopa monnieri L.
Singh S, Eapen S, D'Souza SF.
Chemosphere. 2005 Jun 29;
Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India.
BACKGROUND: Bacopa monnieri L. plants exposed to 10, 50, 100 and 200muM cadmium (Cd) for 48, 96 and 144h were analysed with reference to the accumulation of metal and its influence on various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), photosynthetic pigments and protein content. The accumulation of Cd was found to be increased in a concentration and duration dependent manner with more Cd being accumulated in the root. TBARS content of the treated roots and leaves increased with increase in Cd concentration and exposure periods, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Induction in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX) was recorded in metal treated roots and leaves of B. monnieri. In contrast, a significant reduction in catalase activity in Cd treated B. monnieri was observed. An increase was also noted in the levels of cysteine and non-protein thiol contents of the roots of B. monnieri followed by a decline. However, in leaves, cysteine and non-protein thiol contents were found to be enhanced at all the Cd concentrations and exposure periods. A significant reduction in the level of ascorbic acid was observed in a concentration and duration dependent manner. The total chlorophyll and protein content of B. monnieri decreased with increase in Cd concentration at all the exposure periods. Results suggest that toxic concentrations of Cd caused oxidative damage as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased chlorophyll and protein contents. However, B. monnieri is able to combat metal induced oxidative injury involving a mechanism of activation of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
PMID: 15993469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Effect of `Liver Kidney Care' an Ayurvedic formulation in cases of various liver and kidney disorders.Chaturvedi, S.; Singh, N.; Abbas, S.S.*
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts Vol.25, No.1 February 2003 Clinical Studies: 2003 020 723 (Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India2nd World Congress on "Biotechnological Developments of Herbal Medicine" NBRI, Lucknow, UP, India p. 137, February 20 22, 2003 (Eng).
BACKGROUND: A clinical study was conducted to see the effect of`LiverKidney Care' an ayurvedic formulation each 325 mg capsules ofwhich consisted of [Phyllanthus niruri] (Bhumyamalaki), 125 mg,[Boerhaavia diffusa] (Punarnava) 100mg, [Picrorrhiza kurroa] (Katuki)100 mg, in cases of hepatitis A, B, C, other disorders like fatty alcoholic and subfunctional liver, cirrhosis with ascitis and adenocarcinoma with secondaries in liver and in chronic renal failure. All cases were chronic (6 months to 3 years) came voluntarily after failure of modern therapy like interferon. The parameters studied in the cases of liver disorders were serum hemoglobin, bilirubin, SGPT and SGOT, and those in cases of chronicrenal failure were serum hemoglobin, serum creatinine and blood urea. The duration of treatment was five months. The treatment resulted in significant increase in serum hemoglobin, significant decrease in serum bilirubin, SGPT and SGOT in the cases of hepatitis and other liver disorders while in the cases of chronic renal failure there was a significant increase in serum hemoglobin, and significant serum creatinine and blood urea. Thus, `Liver Kidney Care' detoxifies, purifies and rejuvenates liver and kidney, naturally and effectively. |
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Effects of an extract from Phyllanthus niruri on hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis viruses: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Venkateswaran PS, Millman I, Blumberg BS.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan; 84(1):274-8.
BACKGROUND: An aqueous extract of the plant Phyllanthus niruri inhibits endogenous DNA polymerase of hepatitis B virus and binds to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus in vitro. The extract also inhibits woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA polymerase and binds to the surface antigen of WHV in vitro. The extract, nontoxic to mice, was tested for antiviral activity in woodchucks (Marmota monax). In a trial using six long-term WHV-carrier woodchucks, five treated animals showed a faster decrease in woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen titer compared to one untreated control. In animals recently infected with WHV, the extract was effective when administered i.p. in three out of four animals in reducing and within 3-6 weeks eliminating both the surface antigen titer and DNA polymerase activity in serum. The treatment was discontinued after 10 weeks, and the treated animals have remained free of detectable markers of WHV for more than 45 weeks. In contrast, three untreated controls remained positive for both markers for WHV. One of the controls died after 8 weeks; the other two controls have remained positive for WHV markers for more than 45 weeks. In a third trial with long-term carriers, test animals treated subcutaneously with the extract for 12 weeks did not respond; but on switching the mode of administration to i.p., two out of the five animals showed a significant decrease in woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen titer compared to controls.
PMID: 3467354 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- In vitro studies on the effect of certain natural products against hepatitis B virus
Mehrotra R, Rawat S, Kulshreshtha DK, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN.
ICMR Advance Centre for Pharmacological Research on Traditional Remedies, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.
Indian J Med Res. 1990 Apr;92:133-8.
BACKGROUND: Picroliv (active principle from Picrorrhiza kurroa), its major components picroside I, catalpol, kutkoside I, kutkoside, andrographolide (active constituent of Andrographis paniculata), silymarin and Phyllanthus niruri extract were tested for the presence of anti hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti HBs) like activity. HBsAg positive serum samples obtained from hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated acute and chronic liver diseases and healthy HBsAg carriers were used to evaluate the anti-HBs like activity of compounds/extract. The latter were mixed with serum samples and incubated at 37 degrees C overnight followed by HBsAg screening in the Elisa system. A promising anti-HBsAg like activity was noted in picroliv (and its major components) catalpol, P. niruri which differed from the classical viral neutralization. Picroliv also inhibited purified HBV antigens (HBsAg and HBsAg) prepared from healthy HBsAg carriers. The in vitro testing system appears to be a suitable model to identify an agent active against HBV, prior to undertaking detailed studies.
PMID: 2370093 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Genus Phyllanthus for chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review.
Liu J, Lin H, McIntosh H.
J Viral Hepat. 2001 Sep;8(5):358-66.
The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Jianping_l@hotmail.com
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of genus Phyllanthus for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection we performed a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Randomized trials comparing genus Phyllanthus vs. placebo, no intervention, general nonspecific treatment, other herbal medicine, or interferon treatment for chronic HBV infection were identified by electronic and manual searches. Trials of Phyllanthus herb plus interferon (IFN) vs. IFN alone were also included. No blinding and language limitations were applied. The methodological quality of trials was assessed by the Jadad scale plus allocation concealment. Twenty-two randomized trials (n=1947) were identified. The methodological quality was high in five double-blind trials and low in the 17 remaining trials. The combined results showed that Phyllanthus species had positive effect on clearance of serum HBsAg (relative risk 5.64, 95% CI 1.85-17.21) compared with placebo or no intervention. There was no significant difference on clearance of serum HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA between Phyllanthus and IFN. Phyllanthus species were better than nonspecific treatment or other herbal medicines for the clearance of serum HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA, and liver enzyme normalization. Analyses showed a better effect of the Phyllanthus plus IFN combination on clearance of serum HBeAg (1.56, 1.06-2.32) and HBV DNA (1.52, 1.05-2.21) than IFN alone. No serious adverse event was reported. Based on this review Phyllanthus species may have positive effect on antiviral activity and liver biochemistry in chronic HBV infection. However, the evidence is not strong due to the general low methodological quality and the variations of the herb. Further large trials are needed.
PMID: 11555193 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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